Guarito da leucemia e HIV: storia di Paul Edmonds

Focus 15/03/2024

Nel 1988, 4 anni dopo che l’HIV era stato identificato dalla scienza come causa dell’AIDS, il californiano Paul Edmonds ricevette una diagnosi che all’epoca suonava come una condanna a morte: non solo era sieropositivo, ma aveva l’AIDS, lo stadio clinico avanzato dell’infezione da HIV.

In quegli anni, nella comunità gay di San Francisco di cui Edmonds faceva parte, le persone morivano pochi anni dopo aver scoperto la positività al virus. Quell’uomo di certo non immaginava che 31 anni dopo avrebbe fatto parte di una manciata di pazienti al mondo a guarire completamente dall’HIV.

Un caso da record. La storia di Paul Edmonds è ora stata pubblicata sul New England Journal of Medicine. La notizia della sua guarigione era già stata data nel 2022, ma ora che il suo caso è stato descritto su una rivista scientifica si aprono nuove prospettive di trattamento per i pazienti in età più avanzata che, oltre all’HIV, abbiano contratto un tumore del sangue.

Edmonds è infatti guarito sia da una forma acuta di leucemia sia dall’HIV grazie a un trapianto di cellule staminali recanti una mutazione protettiva. È la quinta persona al mondo ad andare in remissione da entrambe le malattie e anche – a 68 anni – la più anziana. Nonché quella che conviveva con l’HIV da più tempo (31 anni).

Le cure e la seconda diagnosi. Per tre decenni, Edmonds si è sottoposto a diverse terapie che gli hanno permesso di tenere a bada l’infezione e i suoi sintomi più gravi. Ha assunto farmaci antiretrovirali che hanno portato i livelli di virus a soglie quasi irrintracciabili, senza però curarlo del tutto.

Quando nel 2018 ha sviluppato una leucemia mieloide acuta, uno dei tumori del sangue che spesso interessano i pazienti più anziani con HIV, che per tanti anni hanno vissuto con un sistema immunitario indebolito, l’uomo è stato sottoposto a una chemioterapia di ridotta intensità e, in seguito, al trapianto che gli ha salvato la vita due volte.

Un dono ancora più speciale. Ad Edmonds serviva un trapianto di cellule staminali e l’ospedale californiano City of Hope ha rintracciato un donatore non solo compatibile, ma anche recante una mutazione che ha solo il 2% delle persone: la CCR5 Delta 32. Questa mutazione genetica rende resistenti all’HIV ed è all’origine di tutti i rarissimi casi di guarigione completa dalla malattia documentati finora.

Doppia guarigione. Nel 2019 Edmonds si è sottoposto a un trapianto di midollo e di cellule staminali del sangue, sostituendo completamente le sue con quelle del donatore.

Da allora non ha più avuto segni di leucemia né di HIV. Dalla prima malattia è guarito ufficialmente, essendo passati 5 anni dal trapianto. Inoltre da tre anni non assume più farmaci antiretrovirali: ne mancano altri due affinché possa essere considerato ufficialmente “curato” – anche sulla carta – dall’HIV.

Una speranza per altri pazienti. «È possibile ottenere la remissione dall’HIV anche in età avanzata e dopo aver convissuto con l’HIV per molti anni», afferma Jana Dickter, professoressa nella divisione malattie infettive di City of Hope. «Poiché le persone affette da HIV vivono sempre più a lungo, ci saranno maggiori opportunità per trattamenti personalizzati per i loro tumori del sangue».

Continua la lettura su: https://www.focus.it/scienza/salute/un-quinto-paziente-e-guarito-dall-hiv-era-malato-da-31-anni Autore del post: Focus Rivista Fonte: http://www.focus.it

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